Difference between revisions of "Upstart Goblin"
Dinobot1000 (talk | contribs) (update {{Unofficial name}}/{{Unofficial lore}}) |
Dinoguy1000 (talk | contribs) ({{For}}) |
||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
+ | {{For|the Tip Card|"""Upstart Goblin"""}} | ||
{{Unofficial name|Arabic, Croatian, Greek}} | {{Unofficial name|Arabic, Croatian, Greek}} | ||
{{Unofficial lore|Chinese}} | {{Unofficial lore|Chinese}} |
Revision as of 20:40, 29 November 2019
Upstart Goblin
- Japanese
成 金 ゴブリン- Base
- 成金ゴブリン
- Kana
- なりきんゴブリン
- Rōmaji
- Narikin Goburin
English sets
Worldwide
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 1.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 2.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 3.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 4.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 5.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 6.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 7.
Release | Number | Set | Rarity |
---|---|---|---|
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | |||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | |||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | |||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | |||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | |||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | |||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] |
North America
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 1.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 2.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 3.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 4.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 5.
Release | Number | Set | Rarity |
---|---|---|---|
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | |||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | |||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | |||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | |||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] |
Europe
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 1.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 2.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 3.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 4.
Release | Number | Set | Rarity |
---|---|---|---|
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | |||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | |||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | |||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] |
Search categories
- Archetypes and series
- Goblin
- Actions
- You draw cards
Limitation history
Status | Start date | End date | List |
---|---|---|---|
Unlimited | 2002-09-16 | 2002-09-30 | |
Limited | 2002-10-01 | 2005-03-31 | October 2002 Lists |
Semi-Limited | 2005-04-01 | 2007-02-28 | April 2005 Lists |
Unlimited | 2007-03-01 | 2016-04-10 | March 2007 Lists |
Limited | 2016-04-11 | 2023-12-31 | April 2016 Lists |
Unlimited | 2024-01-01 | January 2024 Lists |
Status | Start date | End date | List |
---|---|---|---|
Unlimited | 2000-04-20 | 2002-04-30 | |
Limited | 2002-05-01 | 2005-02-28 | May 2002 Lists |
Semi-Limited | 2005-03-01 | 2007-02-28 | March 2005 Lists |
Unlimited | 2007-03-01 | March 2007 Lists |
Other languages
Language | Name | Card text |
---|---|---|
French | Gobelin Parvenu | Piochez 1 carte, puis votre adversaire gagne 1000 Life Points. |
German | Emporkömmling Goblin | Ziehe 1 Karte und dann erhält dein Gegner 1000 Life Points. |
Italian | Riccastro Goblin | Pesca 1 carta, poi il tuo avversario guadagna 1000 Life Point. |
Portuguese | Goblin Inexperiente | Compre 1 carta de seu Deck. Aumente os Pontos de Vida de seu oponente em 1000 Pontos de Vida. |
Spanish | Goblin Insolente | Roba 1 carta, y después tu adversario gana 1000 Life Points. |
Japanese | ①:自分はデッキから1枚ドローする。その後、相手は1000LP回復する。 | |
Narikin Goburin | ||
Korean | 갑부 고블린 | ①: 자신은 덱에서 1장 드로우한다. 그 후, 상대는 1000 LP 회복한다. |
Chinese | 格布林暴發戶 | 从我方牌组中抽取1张卡牌。之后,对手回复1000生命点数。 |
Sets in other languages
French
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 1.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 2.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 3.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 4.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 5.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 6.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 7.
Release | Number | Set | French name | Rarity |
---|---|---|---|---|
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] |
German
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 1.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 2.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 3.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 4.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 5.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 6.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 7.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 8.
Release | Number | Set | German name | Rarity |
---|---|---|---|---|
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] |
Italian
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 1.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 2.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 3.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 4.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 5.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 6.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 7.
Release | Number | Set | Italian name | Rarity |
---|---|---|---|---|
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] |
Portuguese
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 1.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 2.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 3.
Release | Number | Set | Portuguese name | Rarity |
---|---|---|---|---|
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] |
Spanish
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 1.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 2.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 3.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 4.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 5.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 6.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 7.
Release | Number | Set | Spanish name | Rarity |
---|---|---|---|---|
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] |
Japanese
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 1.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 2.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 3.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 4.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 5.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 6.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 7.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 8.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 9.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 10.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 11.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 12.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 13.
Release | Number | Set | Japanese name | Rarity |
---|---|---|---|---|
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] |
Asian-English
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 1.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 2.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 3.
Release | Number | Set | Rarity |
---|---|---|---|
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | |||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | |||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] |
Korean
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 1.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 2.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 3.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 4.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 5.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 6.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 7.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 8.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 9.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 10.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 11.
Release | Number | Set | Korean name | Rarity |
---|---|---|---|---|
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] |
Traditional Chinese
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 1.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 2.
- No set name provided at non-empty input line 3.
Release | Number | Set | Traditional Chinese name | Rarity |
---|---|---|---|---|
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] | ||||
[[Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:Card_table_sets at line 376: attempt to index local 'region' (a nil value).]] |
In other media
Page | Medium | Debut date |
---|---|---|
Upstart Goblin (DM5) | Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters 5: Expert 1 | 2001-07-05 |
Upstart Goblin (DM6) | Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters 6: Expert 2 | 2001-12-20 |
Upstart Goblin (EDS) | Yu-Gi-Oh! The Eternal Duelist Soul | 2002-10-15 |
Upstart Goblin (SDD) | Yu-Gi-Oh! Worldwide Edition: Stairway to the Destined Duel | 2003-04-15 |
Upstart Goblin (World Championship 2004) | Yu-Gi-Oh! World Championship Tournament 2004 | 2004-02-05 |
Upstart Goblin (World Championship 2005) | Yu-Gi-Oh! 7 Trials to Glory: World Championship Tournament 2005 | 2004-12-30 |
Upstart Goblin (GX1) | Yu-Gi-Oh! GX Duel Academy | 2005-10-13 |
Upstart Goblin (World Championship 2006) | Yu-Gi-Oh! Ultimate Masters: World Championship Tournament 2006 | 2006-02-23 |
Upstart Goblin (anime) | Anime | 2009-07-29 |
Upstart Goblin (anime Rush Duel) | Anime | 2021-04-25 |
Upstart Goblin (Rush Duel) | Rush Duel | 2021-06-05 |
Upstart Goblin (Master Duel) | Yu-Gi-Oh! Master Duel | 2022-01-19 |
Upstart Goblin (Duel Links) | Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Links |
Video games
Video game | Date | # | Name | Cost | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nightmare Troubadour | 2005-07-21 | – | – | Present | |
Online | 2005-11-04 | – | – | – | Present |
Lores and sets
Video game | Lore | Sets |
---|---|---|
Nightmare Troubadour | Infinite Illusion (Rare) | |
Online | Pack 15 |
Categories:
- ((Unofficial name)) or ((Unofficial lore)) transclusions with an unrecognized language
- All cards
- ((Card table sets)) transclusions to be checked
- ((Card table sets)) transclusions with missing set name
- ((Card table sets)) transclusions with missing rarities
- ((Card table sets)) transclusions with missing release dates
- Duel Monsters cards
- TCG cards
- OCG cards
- Cards with a Traditional Chinese release needing a Traditional Chinese name
- Cards with a Traditional Chinese release needing a Traditional Chinese lore
- ((CardTable2)) transclusions using unknown parameters